Comparison of the two administration modalities of subcutaneous enoxaparin injection on formation of ecchymosis
Year: 2025; Volume: 5; Issue: 1; Page No: 20 – 23
Article Type: Original Article
Rakhi Sudarsanan1*
, Reena Kumari2, Keka Chatterjee3, Ayappan S Saritha4
https://doi.org/10.55349/ijmsnr.2025512023
Affiliations:
1Critical Care Nurse, College of Nursing, INHS Asvini, Colaba, Mumbai, India. Email ID: rakhivs82512@gmail.com
2Clinical Tutor, College of Nursing, INHS Asvini, Colaba, Mumbai, India. Email ID: gudia.reena@gmail.com
3Vice Principal, College of Nursing, INHS Asvini, Colaba, Mumbai, India. Email ID: chatterjeeez@gmail.com
4Principal, College of Nursing, INHS Asvini, Colaba, Mumbai, India. Email ID: sarithas330@gmail.com
| How to cite this article: Sudarsanan R, Kumari R, Chatterjee K, Saritha AS. Comparison of the two administration modalities of subcutaneous enoxaparin injection on formation of ecchymosis. Int J Med Sci and Nurs Res 2025;5(1):20–23. DOI: 10.55349/ijmsnr.2025512023 |
Article Summary: Submitted: 15-January-2025 Revised: 30-January-2025 Accepted: 27-February-2025 Published: 31-March-2025
Abstract
Background: Enoxaparin, a low-molecular-weight heparin, is commonly used in critical care to prevent thromboembolic disorders. However, this drug has certain side effects such as subcutaneous bruising, which is known to be the most common adverse effect of this drug. Objectives of the study were to assess the effect of administration protocol of subcutaneous enoxaparin injection on formation of ecchymosis and to find the association between administration protocol of subcutaneous enoxaparin injection on formation of ecchymosis.
Materials and Methods: A Cross over design was used to compare the two administration modalities of subcutaneous enoxaparin injection on formation of ecchymosis. Ethical clearance and formal permission to conduct the study was obtained. A self-designed observation checklist was used after validation. Initial injection was administered for durations 10 sec with immediate withdrawal of needle (Control intervention) and the next injection was administered for durations of 30 sec with a 10 sec delayed needle withdrawal (Experimental intervention) to the same patient after 12 hrs. The size of ecchymosis was measured in cm and was compared after 24 hrs & 48 hrs post administration. The collected data was analysed by using descriptive and inferential statistics.
Results: The comparison of ecchymosis size after 48 hours between two subcutaneous enoxaparin injection administration modalities revealed that control intervention resulted in significantly larger ecchymosis sizes compared to experimental intervention.
Conclusion: From this study, we have concluded that the 30-second injection technique with delayed withdrawal is recommended to minimize ecchymosis formation and improve patient comfort.
Key Words: Enoxaparin, subcutaneous injection, ecchymosis, anticoagulation, nursing care
Source of funding: None
Conflict of Interest: Nothing declared by the authors
Corresponding Author:
Mrs. Reena Kumari,
College of Nursing,
HIS Asvini, Colaba,
Mumbai,
Maharashtra, India.
Email ID: gudia.reena@gmail.com
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