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Article Type: Original Article

Title:  A study of modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors associated with of diabetic nephropathy – A preliminary observational study in Eastern Odisha, India

Year: 2021; Volume: 1; Issue: 1; Page No: 17 – 21

Authors:  Suchanda Sahu¹, Manish Taywade², Sujata Devi³, Saurav Nayak⁴, Dipti Sudha M⁵

DOI: 10.55349/ijmsnr.2021111721

Affiliations: ¹Associate Professor, Department of Biochemistry, ²Assistant Professor, Department of Community Medicine and Family Medicine, ³Assistant Professor, Department of Medicine, ⁴Second year Junior Resident, Department of Biochemistry, ⁵First year Junior Resident, Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India.

Article Summary:  Submitted:  31-July-2021   Revised: 15-August-2021   Accepted: 08-September-2021   Published: 30-September-2021

Abstract:

Background:  One of the commonest complications of poorly controlled Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is Diabetic nephropathy (DN), which occurs in 30-40% of DM cases.  It is important to identify the high-risk group who are likely to develop DN with the modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors.  This study had the objectives to estimate and correlate the levels of the urine albumin creatinine ratio (UACR) with age, anthropometric measures, glycaemic control markers, lipids, and renal function. To estimate each variable as independent and multivariate risk factors.

Materials and Methods:  It was an observational and cross-sectional study conducted in a tertiary care center in Eastern India.  Totally, 221 consecutive ambulatory T2DM subjects were recruited after obtaining their written consent.

Results: The diabetics were classified as having diabetic nephropathy by the urine albumin creatinine ratio (ACR) of >30 mg/gm. 53.4% of our study group had DN. There was a significant risk associated with PPBS with p=0.043 (<0.05), serum creatinine with p=0.032 (<0.05), and urine albumin with p=0.0001 (<0.001).  In the multivariate regression analysis of all these variables, there was a highly significant likelihood ratio for predicting DN with p=0.0001 (<0.001) with a predictive value of 74.5% in females and 75% in males.

Conclusion: The additive factors contributed by the risk factors in the prediction of DN will benefit the DM in the prevention of DN.

Keywords: diabetic nephropathy, risk factors, diabetic kidney disease, Asian Indian

Source of funding: This study was done as an intramural research grant for Faculty from my Institute; All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Bhubaneswar, India.  Conflict of Interest: The authors declare that there was no conflict of interest.

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